We have sent down the wind” … To remove the hat from their heads (Sohrab Sepehari, Surah Tamasha)[ii] In the harbor city of ‘Bandar-e Lengeh’ there is a house that is known as one of the Iranian architectural masterworks. The ‘House of Fekri’, a less-known work, looks like a classic house according to the Iranian profound house-building culture. Since it does not represent huge spectacular architectural characteristics such as a tall portal, luxurious decorations, and expanded water features (Aab-Nama), it is a less-seen work and an unknown building. However, in the conceptual realm of "Architecture as an observation platform of Nature"[iii], it is an exceptional work. ‘Bandar-e Lenge’ has a hot-humid climate, with a long and harsh season. The Architecture of ‘House of Fekri’ has two necessary conditions[iv] for living in this environment: The Landscape of sea and the blowing wind, and some additional characteristics (sufficient conditions)[v], introversion, and responding to the diverse required functions of the residents. Forming the house is the outcome of the interaction between these two conditions. To observe the sea, a raised platform (Soffeh) has been built on a flat ground far from the sea, to let the house residents have a broad view of the sea Landscape. So, the house has turned into an observation platform for the house residents to let them perceive the sea as a sign of celestial verse, and an adopted element of Nature on a tangible scale to fulfill the mission of making them feel[vi] and perceive[vii] the wholeness of existence. This is the first condition for becoming an ‘observation platform or Nazargah, it is an opportunity that provides the chance of feeling Nature. In addition to this characteristic, to satisfy the physical comfort of the house residents in the hardship condition of Bandar-e Lenge, the wind flow and air circulation have been provided by making space between different parts of the building mass and hollowing out the volume of the building. . .

Landscape Architecture is a multidimensional approach that experts definit various aspects for it. Also, it is a interdisciplinary profession that find its way by interaction with different sciences. Cultural and natural environment, leisure times, visual arts, humanities sciences, technical sciences that are related to the nature understanding, plant species, infrastructures and many other fields are used in a target and arranged process for achieving the theory of Landscape Architecture. because of involving numerous variables parameters, academic review of this field has so many complexities. Despite of existing of researches that have been done in related to the Landscape Architecture dimentions and its qualities, there is a few specific methods and frameworks for checking the studies of this field yet. So this article is codified in the same line with this issue and the aim of it, is recognition of major tools that are related to analysing of different dimentions of Landscape. It wants to make regular and arranged the studies of Landscape field approximately. Analysis tools mentioned in the article are collected with reference to previous studies and then are catogorized based on their studing subject in the framework of mentioned objects for the Landscape Architecture. After a brief introduction of some tools, finally five case of them inclusive of LAA, VIA, EIA, SEA, SIA with aesthetics, environmental and sociocultural subjects and are more comprehensive are studied more. Characteristics of each tool in terms of methods and techniques to advance the process are described. finally we have an comparative checking between tools of an object to better understanding and ease selection. The conclusion of this article is determiner of a framework for classifing and introduction of existing methods of Landscape analysing based on objects, tools and analysis techniques and can be a base article in the field of different dimentions of Landscape studies.

What do students of Architecture rely on as their design strategy? What areas of knowledge serve as ‘primary generators’ of main concepts in the design process? To investigate this problem, two groups of students were selected from two different universities: Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran and Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin. Both groups designed the same project as their first course on Landscape Design. Two years after this course, a survey was conducted in both groups. As a dependent factor indicating primary generators, students were asked about the importance of certain aspects such as ecologic, aesthetic, cultural and economic values, etc. The students were also asked to submit their initial concepts and mention priority topics for the course. The results show that ‘scale’ and ‘ecological factors’ are more important for students as primary generators. It is further demonstrated that the three training priority topics are: (i) basic concepts and Landscape ecology; (ii) social and cultural concepts; and (iii) aesthetic principles.

The complete ineffectiveness of weapons against enemy attacks led to the creation of a passive defense approach. On the other hand, the close relationship between the environment and users caused the rapid deterioration of the passive defense approach to environmental issues even though many studies in this field have dealt with the principles of architectural design, buildings with a high importance factor. To the extent that there is a lack of attention to Landscape design in the national building regulations, the area design has been neglected in a brief section. In this case, Landscape Architecture can be practical support in passive defense, reduce injuries, and support users when accidents occur. This article assumes that Landscape Architecture can be the savior of Architecture and urban planning with a passive defense approach. In other words, using the principles of passive defense in Landscape design is one of the measures that can be used at different levels, from planning to design, to reduce the severity and extent of risks caused by natural and unnatural risks. Nevertheless, most of the studies in this field are dedicated to Architecture and urban planning, and practical solutions in applying the passive defense approach have been neglected. Based on this, the current research is of applied type, with a qualitative approach, and based on the case study and logical reasoning research method to answer the question: "How Landscape as Architecture can save the built environment? " has been written. The results demonstrated that the principles of defensive Landscape design could be explained in two macro dimensions (spatial scale, uses, diversity of spatial qualities, placement, and positioning) and micro dimensions (artificial elements-furniture, material, natural Landscape elements).

The problems of rapid civilizations, ignorance of urban open spaces & urban sprawls especially in Europe and North American cities, cause the new approach "Landscape Urbanism" in recent decades. Besides, interaction and overlaps between Landscape Architecture and urban design and ignorance of them to the Landscape and open space as a main infrastructure of the city has been increased the need for this approach. In the traditional approaches, Architecture always considered as a main element of city building. However, with the growing importance of Landscape urbanism, this emphasize as been changed.The main goal of this article is to understand Landscape urbanism as a new approach emergent according to the interaction of Landscape Architecture and urban design. The result of this article shows that Landscape urbanism as a new trend owns its fundamentals and goals from Landscape Architecture and urban design. This approach has an interdisciplinary nature. In this trend, Landscape and open space as main elements of the city building are the core emphasizes. The survey of academic conditions shows that a few universities establish independent educational programs of Landscape urbanism. Teaching the courses of this discipline is done in the middle of the related programs syllabuses.

By studying theories and approaches regarding Landscape, this study analyzes, prioritizes, and evaluates Landscapes and investigates their positions in the professional Architecture projects of contemporary Landscapes in Iran. In this regard, the current theories will be classified into six approaches: concept and meaning, aesthetic, social-cultural, nature and ecology, designing, form, function, planning and the process of designing and they will be analyzed accordingly. It should be noted that this study will be carried out at two levels; at the qualitative method level which is based on the grounded theory that analyzes theories by encoding concepts. At the second level, a comparative approach is used in which the extracted criteria from level one will be evaluated in the contemporary Landscape Architecture of Iran. The results suggest that there are some drawbacks regarding the aforementioned categories in the professional Architecture projects of Landscape in the country, in a way that in issues such as connecting Landscape with Architecture, perceiving Landscape, flexibility and planning Landscape no attempt has been ever made, but the cases of patterns, symbols, tradition, order and geometry are going to be investigated favorably. Therefore, by making effort to compensate for the mentioned shortcomings we can have a considerable development in all of the cited dimensions.

Landscape architects use different sources of inspiration for generating design ideas, among them previous works. Since this is the most frequent method used by design students, the question posed is how can Landscape Architecture students be guided through the correct ways of mapping from built examples. This paper first reviews the works of scholars on the approaches to generating design ideas as internal/external sources of inspiration, locating the place of built examples as sources of inspiration.Next, by employing the structure-mapping theoretical framework, various mapping strategies are introduced as structural mapping, superficial mapping, literal mapping, and metaphor. The suggestions of other scholars regarding the guidance through the correct ways of mapping in Landscape Architecture design education are presented, among them, the selection of a good example, knowledge of and training for correct mapping in students. The results of this research show that promoting Landscape Architecture students in this regard has a difficult track ahead, involving students’ training efforts and educators’ expected awareness.